Type-writing machine



(No Model.)

n 4 Sheets-Sheet l. J.. M. FAIRFIELD. TYPE WRITING- MAGHINE.

No. 553,519. Patented Jan. 28, 1896.

' ANDREW BGRAHAM.PHOTO-UTNQWASHINGI'DMUC.

4 Sheets-Sheet 2.v

Patented Jan. 28, 1896.

J. M; FAIRFIELD'. TYPE WRITING MAGHINE.

(No Model.)

IIIL:

n' Ilm Witnesses: OSa

(No Model.) 4 Sheets- Sheet 3.

J. M. FAIRFIELD. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 553,519. '-PatentedJan; 28, 1895.

(No Model.) A 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

J. M. FAIRFIELD. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

PatentedJan. 28, 1896.

:D *i Wl tnesses:

Inf/6725074; Jafm Jil. ,Fa/zzoflfeld.

ANDRW RGRAHAM. PHUTU-LUHUYWASHINGTUN. D Cv UNITED STAT-Es PATENT FFICF.

JOHN M. FAIRFIELD, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 553,519, dated January 28, 1896. pplication filed October 23, 1894. SerialNo. 526,676. (No model.)

To all whom, t may concern:

Beit known that I, JOHN M. FAIRFIELD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful' Improvements in Ribbon Feeding Mechanism, of which the following is a specilcation.

'[his invention relates to improvements in ribbon-feeding mechanism for type-writing machines; and it has for its Inain object to furnish an improved means for progressively shifting the position of the ribbon in a lateral direction with each return movement of the carriage, and for automatically reversing the direction of longitudinal movement of the ribbon at either end thereof, when unwound from the corresponding spool or carrier, by the abnormal tension exerted by said ribbon.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a portion of a type-writing machine embodying ribbon-feeding mechanism constructed in accordance with my invention, portions of the framework being removed to Inore clearly illustrate the construction thereof. Fio. Eisarear elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a sectional plan of the same, the section being taken in line au, Fig. 2. Fig. i is an end elevation of the same viewed from the right hand in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a rear elevation, on an enlarged scale, of the ribbon-reversing mechanism detached from the machine, showing ono position thereof. Fig. G is a similar view illustrating another position of the same.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged sectional view of the ribbon-reversing devices in connection with one of the ribbon-spools, and taken in line b l), Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. S is a plan, partially in section, of a portion of the ribbon-shifting mechanism in operative relation with the frame of the machine. Fig. 9 is a vertical section of a portion of the ribbon-shifting mechanism, taken in line c c, Fig. 4.

Similar'characters designate like parts in all of the iigures.

My present invention comprises, in combination with a type-writin g machine, a ribbon feedingl and reversing mechanism adapted for feeding the ribbon step by step as the carria ge is moved forward by the carriage-feeding mechanism, and for reversing the direction of movement of said ribbon by the abnormal tension exerted thereupon when said ribbon is unwound from either of its carryingspools, and ribbon-shifting mechanism controlled by the return movements of the carriage, and adapted for continuously and progressively shifting the position of the ribbon in lateral direction at each return movement of the carriage.

F designates in a general way the frame of a. type-writing machine, which may be of any well-known or suitable construction, and is shown herein as havin g a base portion 2,standards or uprights 3 and 3', rising from each end of said base, an upper central annular frame or basket et, connected with said standards andsupported thereon, and the carriage ways or tracks 5 and 5, upon which the carriage is adapted to travel. The carriage is shown herein as a substantially rectangular open frame 6, having front and back rolls 7 and 7, adapted to travel upon the ways 5 and 5, a platen S, journaled in opposite -ends of said carriage, and a rack 9 in operative relation with the carriage-feeding mechanism, which is designated in a general way by D and is controlled by suitable connections with the usual universal bar lO, common to writingmachines of the type-bar class.

The ribbon R is shown herein as carried by spools S and S', mounted upon carriers 12 and l2, at opposite ends of the machine, which carriers are journaled for rotation in the standards 3 and 3 in the usual Inanner. Said spools S and S are shown as splined upon said carriers` or rods, so as to rotate therewith and at the same time be capable of reciprocation thereon.

The ribbon R is shown as extending over the basket in the usual manner, and is preferably carried over friction-rolls, such as 13 and 13',.mounted upon the rods or carriers 14 and 14 adjacent to the ends of the basket.A

of said spool-carrying shafts are shown as IOO bored longitudinally for the reception of screw-bolts 17 and 17', passed through corresponding journals in brackets or hangers 1S and 1S' secured to the frame of the machine in any suitable manner at the rear side thereof.

As before stated, each of the sprocketwheels is loosely connected to its respective shaft, but said sprocket-wheel is adapted to be locked in engagement therewith for rotation, in accordance with the direction of longitudinal movement'. of the ribbon, by frietional ecu pling devices, which form means for normally maintaining the driving sprocketwheels in engagement with the ribbon-spool shafts, and which will now be described.

Referring to Fig. 7 it will be seen that each of the shafts 12 and 12 (the construction of both being substantially identical) is provided with a reduced end portion 19, adapted to form a shoulder 20, and upon this reduced end portion, and between said shoulder and the inner face of the depending arm of the corresponding hanger 1S or 18', a frictional coupling member2l is mounted. This coupling member is shown as a washer having an L-shaped arm extending therefrom and integral therewith, which arm forms a pawl-shifting device the operation of which will now be described. Said arm or hook 21 is shown as extending through an opening 22 in the corresponding sprocket-wheel, and through a slot 23 in a pawl 23, pivotally secured to the inner face of said sprocket-wheel, and having its point 23 in the plane of movement of the teeth 24 of the other member or ratchetwheel 24 of the pawl-an d-rateh et-wheel mechanism, which ratchet-wheel is iixedly secured to said spool-carrying shaft. A second friction member, which is preferably in the form of a ring of felt or similar material, is shown as filling the space between the washer 21 and the inner face of the hanger.

It will be understood that the two members 2l and 25 constitute a friction coupling or clutch which will hold the arm 2 1 and the washer 2l against rotation when said arin 21 is not engaged against the wall of the opening 22 in the corresponding sprocket-wheel, but that the friction between the adjacent faces of the members 2l and 25 is not sufficient to prevent rotation of said washer 21 when said arm 2l is engaged against the wall of the opening in the sprocket-wheel. Itwill be seen, therefore, that the sprocket-wheels and the coupling members 21 will be in rotative engagement with the respective shafts 12 and 12'at all times except when the direction of rotation of the parts is reversed, at which time the tension upon the ribbon will cause the shifting-hooks 2l to move from one end of the slots 23 to the other end of the saine, and thereby carry the corresponding `pawls into and out of engagement, respectively, with the teeth of their ratchet-wheels, as will be hereinafter described, it being understood that said pawls are oppositely disposed relatively to said ratchet-wheel and that when one is in engagement the other is disconnected. Each of the sprocket-wheels 15 and 15/ is shown as formed with a hub of suiiicient length to lill the space between the corresponding ratchet-wheel and the inner face of the coupling member 21.

As a means for actuating the sprocketehain 1G, and thereby controlling the rotative movements of the ribbon-carrying spools, l'

have shown said chain as actuated from a driving-sprocket which is controlled by pawland-ratchet mechanism in connection with the carriage-feeding mechanism of the niachine and operated from the universal bar thereof. A connecting-rod 26 is shown as secured at one end to said universal bar 10 and at its other end as in operative engagement with the feed dogs or pawls 27 and 27 by means of suitable links. A retracting device (shown herein as a spiral spring 2S, working between an adjusting-nut 2f) on the rod and a fixed stop 30 upon the frame of the machine) is employed for returning the connecting-rod to its normal position after being actuated by the universal bar. A carrier 31 is also shown as secured to said connecting-rod 2G, so as to be capable of adjustment thereon. Mounted upon said carrier is shown a duplex pawl which forms a controlling means, operated by the universal bar of the machine, for operating the feeding mechanism for the ribbon, and is pivoted at its center, at32, to said carrier and has the upper and lower arn'ls and 33 and and 3l. The arms 34 and 34e constitute pawls adapted for engaging', one at a time, with the teeth of the ratchet or gear wheel of a primary driving mechanism, which gear-wheel is fixedly secured to a shaft 36, journaled upon the frame of the machine7 as in the oppositely-disposed shoulders of the bracket 37, and has secured thereto for rotation therewith a sprocket-wlreelA 3S, which. is the driving-sprocket for the chain 16. In order to maintain the desired pawl in engagement with the teeth of the gear-wheel 35 a latch 39 is shown as pivoted at one end to the carrier 31 and as having a spring 0, normally tending to draw it toward the carrier. The duplex pawl is shown as provided, preferably centrally of the arms 3a and 34', with a stop al, with which co-operates a dc tent 35) upon the spring-pressed latch 39, said detent serving as a latch adapted to engage either side of the stop 41, as will be hereinafter described, and thereby maintain the pawl 34 or 34:', as the case may be, in engagement with the gear 35. i The ribbon R is shown herein as provide( with a rocking frame, pivoted by trunnions in the ends of the frame of the machine, 'and controlled in its rocking movements by the abnormal tension exerted by the ribbon when completely unwound from either spool. In

the preferred form thereof, herein shown and described, said rocking frame comprises two substantially U -shaped rock-arms -l-2 and i2',

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trunnioned in bearings 43 upon the uprights or standards 3 and 3'. A rock-bar 44 is shown connecting said rock-arms, links 45 preferably being interposed between said rock-arms and the rock-bar to permit freedom of movement thereof. I also preferably provide for adjustment of said links upon said rock-arms by means of adjusting-screws 4G. The rockarms 42 and 42' are so disposed, relatively to each other and to the ribbon, that the crossbars 42" thereof lie within the path of the ribbon and alternately hold those portions of the ribbon which are between the spools and the guide-rolls 13 and 13 away from said spools and guides, thus serving alternately as guides for said respective portions of the ribbon. The rock-bar 44 is shown as carrying a centrally-disposed and preferably adjustable tripping-arm 44', working between the arms and 33' of the duplex pawl, and adapted for alternately engaging said arms and thereby throwing the corresponding pawl 34 or 34' into engagement with the gear-wheel 35.

y The operation of the reversing mechanism will be readily understood from the foregoing description. The carriage is fed forward by the depression of the key-levers and spacingbar, (not shown,) the movements of which are transmitted through the universal bar 10 to the connecting-rod 26, the feed-dogs 27 and 27' and the rack 9, and, at the same time, the descent of the rod 26 causes one of the pawls 34 or 34' to engage the teeth of the gear-wheel 35 and turn the same step by step, thus actuating the driving-sprocket 38, which carries with it the sprocket 16, the sprocket-wheels 15 and 15', and the ribbon-spools S and S', it being understood that one of the pawls 23" will always be in engagement with the ratchetwheel upon the corresponding ribbon-spool shaft, so that the return movement of said ratchet and sprocket wheels upon said shaft will be prevented. If t-he sprocket-chain is traveling in the direction shown in Fig. 5, the ribbon is being fed from the left to the right in said figure, the pawl 34 will be in operative relation with the gear-wheel 35, and the pawl 3 will be in engagement with the rat-chetwheel upon the shaft 12. As soon, however, as the ribbon is completely unwound from the spool S', the tension exerted thereon by the continued rotation of the spool S will draw the rock-arm 42' to the right, and thereby, through the rock-bar 44, will force the rockarm 42 in the same direction. At the same time, by the shifting of the rock-bar, Athe tripping-arm 44' is carried against the arm 33 of the duplex pawl and, the tension of the spring 40 being overcome, the stop 41 rides up the right-hand face of the detent 39' and over the same and is engaged by the left-hand face thereof, the latch 39 then being retracted by the spring 40 to hold the pawl 34 in engagement with the teeth of the gear-wheel 35. The direction pf movement of the sprocket-chain now being reversed, the hooks 21' will be carried to opposite ends of the slots in the pawl 23,

thereby engaging the pawl 23 with the teeth of the ratchet upon the spool-shaft 12', and releasing the pawl 23 from engagement with the ratchet upon the spool-shaft 12, as the frictional resistance of the clutch members 21 and 25 is now sufiicient to hold the hook 21' against movement while each of the sprocket-wheels is turning a distance equal to the diameter of the opening 22 therein. The two sets of spool-controlling devices are thus adapted to perform alternately the functions of a driver and a follower for the ribbon, the driver being always the winding apparatus for the ribbon and the follower the apparatus from which the ribbon is unwound. By the reversal of the position of the rock-bar the rock-arms are also reversed in position and the rock-arm 42 is brought into place to be acted upon by the ribbon upon the spool S when said ribbon is unwound from said spool. In order to positively control the movement of the rocking frame the rock-bar 44 is shown herein as formed with two undercut V-shaped openings 44", in which a friction-roller 47, carried upon the end of a substantially iiat spring 48, secured to any suitable portion of the frame of the machine, is adapted to engage the organization constituting an auxiliary shifting device for the rocking frame. The rock-bar will be carried by the movement of the respective rock-arm 42 or 42' a sufficient distance to ride over the point of the intermediate tooth, and the pressure of the spring 48 will be sufficient to carry said rock-bar to the end of its movement should the tension upon the ribbon be insufficient for that purpose.

The ribbon-shifting mechanism for controlling the lateral movements of the ribbon is shown herein as actuated upon the return of the carriage to the beginning of the line, and will now be described. Each of the ribbon-spools is shown formed within an extended hub 49, having a peripheral groove 49', and each of the guide-rolls 13 and 13' is provided with a similar peripheral groove 1 3", substantially in alignment with that upon the extended hub of the corresponding ribbon-spool, said guide-rolls being also movable longitudinally of the carriers 14 and 14'. Connecting-bars 50 are shown as joining the respective guide-rolls to the corresponding extended hubs of the spools, said bars havin g substantially semicircul ar recesses at each end, which are adapted to be engaged by the correspondinglygrooved portions of said guide-rolls and spool-hubs, so that the movements of the spools in transverse direction will correspondingly actuate the rolls. Connecting-rods 51 are also shown as secured at their forward ends to said connecting-bars 50, in parallelism with the ribbon-spools and guide-rolls, and as passed through the rear standards 3 and 3' of the machine and terminating in loops or guides 51', which carry a shifting-bar 52 looselymounted therein for reciprocation longitudinally of the machine IOO IIO

and for movement therewith transversely of the machine. The shifting-bar 52 is pivotally connected by means of links 53, with suitable fixed portions of the machine, such as the brackets 1S and 1S', which are disposed for rotation in the same horizontal plane. As a means for actuating said shifting-bar I have herein shown the same as having apivotal connection with an eccentrically-disposed pin or stud 54, carried by the ratchet-wlieel 5st of a pawl-and-ratchet-wheel mechanism, which ratchet-wheel is mounted upon the under side of the rear portion of the main frame and is controlled by the ratchet actuated by the return of the carriage. This pawl is designated by 55, and is connected at one end with a rockarm 5(3, carried upon the lower end of a vertical rock-shaft 5G, mounted for oscillation in the arms 57 of a bracket 57, secured to the rear of the machine. A horizontally-disposed lever 57 is shown secured to the upper end of said rock-shaft and normally held in engagement with a stop 5S, fixed to the framework by means of a torsion-spring 50, mounted upon said rock-shaft and having its free end engaging, respectively, against said lever 57 and the ratchet 55 to maintain the same in engagement, respectively, with the stop 58 and the teeth of the ratchet-wheel 5l. A tripping-arm is shown at GO as pivoted to the carriage in the path of the free end of the lever 57", so that it will pass freely over the same during' the forward movement of the carriage, but will engage said lever upon the return of the carriage and oscillate the same and the rock-shaft 5G bythe abutment of the upper end of said tripping-arm against the fixed stop Gl. It will be seen that upon the oscillation of the rock-shaft the ratchet-wheel 5l will be rotated by the ratchet 55, and that the shifting-bar 52 will be carried progressively by the eccentric 5st step by step in a circular or orbital path as the ratchet-wheel is rotated by the successive returns of the carriage. It will be readily understood by reference to Fig. 8 that at each advance of the ratchet-wheel through the space of a tooth the ribbon will be correspondingly shifted in lateral direction by the reciprocation of the spools S and S and the guide-rolls 13 and 13 through the medium of the connecting-bars 5l, in the guides 5l' of which the shifting-bar 52 is engaged. The connection of said shifting-bai' with the links insures an even movement of said bar throughout its entire length and prevents wedging thereof or uneven movementvhich might result if said bar were connected only to the driving ratchetwheel. A correspondingly simultaneous movement of the ribbon-spools necessarily results from this construction.

By means of the hereinbefore-described organizations of mechanisms it will be evident that the movement of the ribbon is positively and automatically controlled not only laterally of the machine, but also longitudinally thereof, and that the ribbon is shifted transversely by a movement which is continuous and progressive and is not reversed at any point, and also that each of the ribbon-spoolrotating' mechanisms is adapted to be alternately a driver and a follower for the ribbon alternately with the opposite ribbon-spool mechanism.

llaving thus described my invention, I claiml. In a type-writing machine, the combination with ribbon-spools supported for rotation, and adapted to serve, alternately, as driver and follower, respectively; and with the ribbon carried by said spools; of a universal bar; means controlled by the actuation of said universal bar for feeding said ribbon, step by step, onto one spool from the other; and automatic, ribbon-actuated, rib bon-reversing means in connection with each spool, and in direct operative connection with said universal bar adjacent to the ends thereof for actuating said bar, and operative on the stoppin g of the follower spool, by the tension exerted on the ribbon by the driver-spool, while the ribbon is being wound upon said driver-spool, substantially as described.

2. In a type-writing machine, the combination with ribbon-spools supported for rotation at opposite ends of the machine, and adapted to serve, alternately, as a driver and a follower, respectively; and with the ribbon carried by said spool; of a universal bar; means for feeding said ribbon, step by step, along the machine; controlling means actuated by the universal bar for operating said feed mechanism; and automatic, ribbon-actuated, reversing means in connection with each spool, and in direct operativeconnection with said universal bar adjacent to the ends thereof for actuating said bar, and operative on the stopping of the follower spool, by the tension exerted on the ribbon by the driverspool, while the ribbon is being wound on said driver-spool, and in position and adapted for reversing the direction of movement of the ribbon, substantially as described.

3. In a type-writing machine, the combination with spool-carrying shafts supported for rotation at each end of the machine; ribbon.- spools rotatable with said shafts; and with the ribbon carried by said spools, of drivingwheels carried by said shafts, and operatively connected with each other, and loosely moun ted upon said shafts; means for normally maintaining said driving-wheels in fixed engagement with said shafts; a universal bar, means controlled by the movements of the universal bar, for actuating the driving-wheels in one direction; pawl-and-ratchet-wheel mechanism located on and in operative connection with the winding-spool shaft and its drivingwheel, and adapted for preventing return movement thereof; oppositely-disposed,pawland-ratchet-wheel mechanism located on and in operative connection with the unwindingspool shaft, automatic, ribbon-actuated reversing means in connection with each spool,

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and operative, on the stopping of the unwinding-spool, by the tension exerted on the ribbon by the winding-spool, While the ribbon is being Wound thereon, and thereby adapted for actuating the driving-Wheels in the opposite direction, and paWl-shifting devices located adjacent to the spool-shafts, and controlled by the reversal of the movement of said driving-wheels, and adapted for disconnecting the first-mentioned paWl-and-ratchet- Wheel mechanism, and for operatively connecting the second paWl-and-ratchet-Wheel mechanism, and thereby preventing return movement of the reversed ribbon; substantially as described.

4:. In a type-Writing machine, the combination With spool-carrying shafts supported for rotation at each end of the machine, ribbonspools rotatable with said shafts and adapted to serve alternately as driver and follower respectively, and with the ribbon carried by said spools, of driving-Wheels carried by said shafts and operatively connected with each other, primary drivin g-mechanism for actuating said driving-Wheels, a universal-bar, a dupleX-pawl controlled by the actuation of the universal-bar and adapted to actuate said primary driving-mechanism in either direction, and means controlled by the stopping of the follower-spool and by an abnormal tension upon the ribbon being Wound upon the driver-spool for reversing said dupleX-pavvl and thereby actuating the primary drivingmechanism in the opposite direction, substantially as described,

5. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with spool-carrying shafts supported for rotation at each end of the machine, ribbonspools rotatable with said shafts, and with the ribbon carried by said spools, of driving- Wheels normally clutched to said shafts but adapted for oscillation thereon upon the reversal of the ribbon, means for operatively connecting said driving-Wheels, primary driving-mechanism for actuating said driving- Wheels, a universal-bar, a dupleX-pawl controlled by thc actuation of the universal-bar and adapted for actuating said primary driving-mechanism in either direction means controlled by an abnormal tension upon the ribbon for reversing` said duplex pawl and thereby actuating the primary drivin g-mechanism in the opposite direction, and reciprocally-operable devices controlled by the oscillation of the driving-Wheels upon the ribbon-shafts and adapted for preventing return movement of the ribbon-winding spool, substantially as described.

G. In a type-Writin g machine, the combination with spool-carrying shafts supported for rotation at each end of the machine, ribbonspools .rotatable with said shafts, and with the ribbon carried by said spools, of driving- Wheels normally clutched to said shafts but adapted for oscillation thereon upon the reversal of the ribbon, means for operatively con nectin g said drivin g-Wheels, primary dri ving-mechanism for actuating said driving! Wheels, a universal-bar, a duplex-pavvl controlled by the actuation of the universal-bar and adapted for actuating said prim ary driving-mechanism in either direction, means controlled by an abnormal tension upon the ribbon for reversing said dupleX-paWl and thereby actuating the primary driving-mechanism in the opposite direction, and reciprocally-operable paWI-and-ratchet-Wheel mechanism controlled by the oscillation of the driving-Wheels upon the ribbon-spool shafts and adapted respectively to be thrown into and out of operative engagement to prevent return movement of the ribbon-Winding spool and permit forward movement of the ribbonunwindin g spool, substantially as described.

7. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with spool-carrying shafts supported for rotation at each end of the machine, ribbonspools rotatable with said shafts and adapted to serve alternately as driver and follower respectively, and with the ribbon carried by said spools, of driving-Wheels carried by said shafts, means for operatively connecting said driving-Wheels, primary driving-mechanism for actuating said driving-Wheels, a rockingframe controlled by the stopping ofthe follower-spool and by an abnormal tension upon the ribbon being Wound upon the driver-spool, a universal-bar, and a dupleX-paWl connected With said universal-bar and adapted for actuating the primary driving mechanism in either direction and controlled in position by said rocking-frame, substantially as de-v scribed.

S. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with spool-carrying shafts supported for rotation at each end of the machine, ribbonspools rotatable with said shafts, and With the ribbon carried by said spools, of sprocket- Wheels carried by said shafts,a sprocket-chain connecting said sprocket-Wheels, a primary sprocket-Wheel for actuating said sprocketchain, a gear-Wheel mounted for rotation With said primary sprocket-Wheel, a rocking-frame controlled by an abnormal tension upon the ribbon, a tripping-arm carried by said rocking-frame, a duplex-pawl adapted for actuating said last-mentioned gear-Wheel in either direction and controlled in position by said tripping-arm, a universal-bar, and connections between said universal-bar and the duplex-pawl for actuating the latter, substantially as described.

9. In a type-Writing machine, the combination With spool-carrying shafts supported for rotation at each end of the machine, ribbonspools rotatable with said shafts, and with the ribbon carried by said spools, of sprocket- Wheels carried by said shafts, a sprocket-chain connecting said sprocket-Wheels, a primary sprocket-Wheel for actuating said sprocketchain, a gear-Wheel mounted for rotation with said primary sprocket-Wheel, a rocking-frame controlled by an abnormal tension upon the ribbon, a tripping-arm carried by said rock- IOO IIO

ing-frame, a duplex-pawl adapted for actuating said last-mentioned gear-wheel in either direction and adapted to be reversed in position by said tripping-arm, a spring-pressed latch for maintaining said pawl in either of its positions, a universal-bar, and connections between said universal-bar and the duplexpawl for actuating the latter, substantially as described.

10. In a type-writing machine-,the combination with spool-carrying shafts supported for rotation at each end of the machine, ribbonspools rotatable with said shafts, and with the ribbon carried by said spools, of drivingwheels carried by said shafts, means for operatively connecting said driving-wheels, primar T driving-mechanism for actuating said driving-wheels, a rocking-frame controlled by an abnormal tension upon the ribbon, a universal-bar, a d uplex-pawl connected with said universal-bar and adapted for actuating the primary driving-mechanism in either direction and controlled in position by said rocking-frame, and an auxiliary shifting device for completing the throw of said rockingframe when said frame is actuated by said ribbon, substantially as described.

ll. In-a type-writingmachine, t-he combination with spool-carrying shafts supported for rotation at each end of the machine, ribbonspools rotatable with said shafts, and with the ribbon carried by said spools, of drivingwhcels carried by said shafts, means for operatively connecting said driving-wheels, primary dliving-mechanism for actuating said driving-wheels, rock-arms adjacent to the ribbon-spools and adapted to be actuated by an abnormal tension upon the ribbon, a notched rock-bar connecting said rock-arms, and an auxiliary shifting-device adapted te engage the notches of said rock-bar and complete the throw of the rock-bar and the rock-arms when either of said rock-arms is actuated by the ribbon, substantially as described.

l2. In a type-writing machine, the combination with spool-carrying shafts supported for rotation at each end of the machine, ribbonspools rotatable with said shafts, and with the ribbon carried by said spools, of sprocketwheels loosely mounted upon said shafts and each having a transverse opening therein, a ratchet-wheel iixedly secured to each of said shafts adjacent to said sprocket-wheel, oppositely-disposed pawls carried by said sprocketwheels and adapted for engagement with said ratchet-wheels, pawl-shifting devices mounted upon said shafts and extending through the openings in said sprocket-wheels and engaging said pawls and adapted to be normallyrotated with said sprocket-wheels, a sprocketchain connecting the sprocket-wheels, a primary driving-mechanism for actuating said sprocket-wheels, a universal-bar, a duplexpawl connected with said universal-bar and adapted for actuating the primary driving mechanism in either direction, connections between said universal-bar and the duplexpawl for actuating the latter, and a rockingframe controlled by an abnormal tension upon the ribbon and adapted for reversing the dupleX-pawl and the direction of movement ot' the sprocket-wheels and for frictionally holding the pawl-shifting devices against movement and thereby reciprocally carrying thc pawls into and out of engagement respectively with the ratchet-wheels, substantially as described.

13. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the carriage, spool-carrying shafts at each end of the machine, ribbon-spools mounted for reciprocation upon said shafts, and with the ribbon carried by said spools, of a revoluble shifting-bar operatively connected with said spools for shifting the same upon their shafts and movable in a plane substantially in parallelism with the plane of movement of the ribbon, and means actuated by the return movements of the carriage for imparting an orbital movement of revolution to said shifting-bar, substantially as described.

1l. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the carriage, spool-carrying shafts at each end of the machine, ribbon-spools mounted for reciprocation upon said shafts, and with the ribbon carried by said spools, of a revoluble shiftin g-bar operatively connected with said spools for shifting the same upon their shafts and movable in a plane substantially in parallelism with the plane of movement of the ribbon, and means actuated by the return movements of the carriage for imparting a progressive and step-by-step orbital movement of revolution to said shifting-bar, substantially as described.

l5. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the carriage, spool-carryin g shafts at each end of the machine, ribbon-spools mounted for reciprocation upon said shafts, and with the ribbon carried by said spools, of connecting-rods mounted for reciprocation in parallelism with said spools and adapted for actuating the same, aligned guides carried by said eonneetingrods, a revoluble shifting-bar operatively connected with said spools and mounted for reciprocation in said guides in a plane substantially in parallelism with the plane of movement of the ribbon, and a pawl-and-ratchet-wheel mechanism controlled by the return movements of the carriage and adapted for imparting a stepby-step orbital movement of revolution to said shifting-bar and thereby reciprocatiilg said ribbon-spools,`substantially as described.

16. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the carriage, spool-carrying shafts at each end of the machine, ribbon-spools mounted for reciprocation upon said shafts, and with the ribbon carried .by said spools, of connecting-rods mounted for reciprocation in parallelism with said spools and adapted for actuating the same, aligned guides carried by said connecting-rods, a shifting-bar mounted for reciprocation in said guides, remotely disposed links mounted upon the IOO IIO

frame of the machine for rotation thereon .and rotatively connected with said shifting-bar, a ratchet-Wheel mounted for rotation adjacent to the shifting-bar, an eccentric carried by said ratchet-Wheel and rotatively connected with said shifting-bar, a ratchet for actuating said ratchet-Wheel, a vertically-disposed rock-shaft, a rock-arm carried thereby and adapted for actuating said ratchet, a horizontally-disposed actuating-arm carried by said rock-shaft, and a tripping-arm mounted upon the carriage and adapted for operating said actuating arm at each return movement of bars for simultaneously actuating each of said ribbon-spools and its guide-rolls, and with the ribbon carried by said spools, of connecting-rods secured to said bars and also mounted for reciprocation in parallelism with said spools and rolls and adapted for actuating the same, aligned guides carried by said connecting-rods, a shifting-bar mounted for reciprocation on said guides, and ratchet-andratchet-Wheel mechanism actuated by the return movements of the carriage and adapted for imparting a progressive and step-by-step orbital movement to said shifting-bar, substantially as described.

18. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with the carriage, spool-carrying shafts supported for rotation at opposite ends of the machine, ribbon-spools mounted for reciprocation upon, and rotation with, said shafts and with the ribbon carried by said spools, of a shifting-bar operatively connected with said spools, means actuated by the return inovements of the carriage for imparting an orbital movement to said shifting-bar, driving-Wheels carried by said ribbon-spool shafts, means for operatively connecting said driving-Wheels, primary driving` mechanism for actuating said driving-Wheels, a rocking-frame controlled by an abnormal tension upon the ribbon, a duplex paWl adapted for actuating said primary driving-mechanism in either direction and controlled in position by said rocking-frame, a universal-bar, and connections between said universal-bar and the duplexpaWl for actuating` the latter and thereby operating the primary driving-mechanism, substantially as described.

19. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with the carriage,spool-carryin g shafts supported for rotation at opposite ends of the machine, ribbon-spools mounted for reciprocation upon, and rotation With, said shafts, and with the ribbon carried by said spools, of a shifting-bar operatively connected with said spools, means actuated by the return movements of the carriage for imparting an orbital movement to said shifting bar, sprocket- Wheels carried by the ribbon-spool shafts, a sprocket chain connecting said sprocket- Wheels, a primary sprocket-wheel for actuating said sprocket-chain, a gear-Wheel mounted for rotation with said primary sprocket- Wheel, a rocking-frame controlled by an abnormal tension upon the ribbon, a trippingarm carried by said rocking-frame, a duplexpaWl adapted for actuating said last mentioned gear-Wheel in either direction and controlled in position by said tripping-arm, a universal-bar, and connections between said universal-bar and the dupleX-paWl for actuating the latter, substantially as described.

20. In a type-Writing machine, the combination With the carriage,spool-carrying shafts supported for rotation at opposite ends of the machine, ribbon-spools mounted for reciprocation upon, and rotation With, said shafts, and with the ribbon carried by said spools, of a shifting-bar operatively connected With said spools, means actuated by the return movements of the carriage for imparting an orbital movement to said shifting-bar, driving-Wheels normally-clutched to the ribbon-spool shafts but adapted for oscillation thereon upon the reversal of the ribbon, means for operatively connecting said driving-Wheels, a universalbar, a duplex-paw] controlled by the actuation of the universal-bar and adapted for actuating said primary driving-mechanism in either direction, means controlled by an abnormal tension upon the ribbon for reversing said duplex-paved and thereby actuating the primary driving-mechanism in the opposite direction, and reciprocally-operable paWland-ratchet-wheel mechanism controlled by the oscillation of the driving-Wheels upon the ribbon-spool shafts and adapted respectively to be thrown into and out of operative engagement to prevent return movement of the ribbon Winding spool and permit forward movement of the ribbon unwinding spool, substantially as described.

JOI-IN M. FAIRFIELD.

Vitnesses:

IsAIAH BAKER, J r., FRED. J. DOLE.

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